Song of Solomon 1:7

Authorized King James Version

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Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?

Original Language Analysis

הַגִּ֣ידָה Tell H5046
הַגִּ֣ידָה Tell
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 1 of 15
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לִּ֗י H0
לִּ֗י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 15
שֶׁ֤אָהֲבָה֙ loveth H157
שֶׁ֤אָהֲבָה֙ loveth
Strong's: H157
Word #: 3 of 15
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
נַפְשִׁ֔י me O thou whom my soul H5315
נַפְשִׁ֔י me O thou whom my soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
אֵיכָ֖ה where H349
אֵיכָ֖ה where
Strong's: H349
Word #: 5 of 15
how? or how!; also where
תִרְעֶ֔ה where thou feedest H7462
תִרְעֶ֔ה where thou feedest
Strong's: H7462
Word #: 6 of 15
to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie
אֵיכָ֖ה where H349
אֵיכָ֖ה where
Strong's: H349
Word #: 7 of 15
how? or how!; also where
תַּרְבִּ֣יץ thou makest thy flock to rest H7257
תַּרְבִּ֣יץ thou makest thy flock to rest
Strong's: H7257
Word #: 8 of 15
to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a recumbent animal); by implication, to recline, repose, brood, lurk, imbed
בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם at noon H6672
בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם at noon
Strong's: H6672
Word #: 9 of 15
a light (i.e., window); dual double light, i.e., noon
שַׁלָּמָ֤ה for H4100
שַׁלָּמָ֤ה for
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 10 of 15
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
אֶֽהְיֶה֙ H1961
אֶֽהְיֶה֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 11 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כְּעֹ֣טְיָ֔ה why should I be as one that turneth aside H5844
כְּעֹ֣טְיָ֔ה why should I be as one that turneth aside
Strong's: H5844
Word #: 12 of 15
to wrap, i.e., cover, veil, clothe, or roll
עַ֖ל H5921
עַ֖ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 13 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
עֶדְרֵ֥י by the flocks H5739
עֶדְרֵ֥י by the flocks
Strong's: H5739
Word #: 14 of 15
an arrangement, i.e., muster (of animals)
חֲבֵרֶֽיךָ׃ of thy companions H2270
חֲבֵרֶֽיךָ׃ of thy companions
Strong's: H2270
Word #: 15 of 15
an associate

Analysis & Commentary

The bride asks, 'Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?' The phrase 'thou whom my soul loveth' (she'ahavah naphshi, שֶׁאָהֲבָה נַפְשִׁי) expresses deep soul-love. The bride seeks the shepherd-beloved's location—'where thou feedest' (eyphoh tir'eh, אֵיפֹה תִרְעֶה) and 'where thou makest thy flock to rest.' The question 'why should I be as one that turneth aside' (otyah, עֹטְיָה) may mean 'veil myself' or 'wander.' The bride wants direct access to her beloved, not to search among others' flocks. This verse celebrates the soul's desire for intimate knowledge of and access to the beloved. Spiritually, it represents the believer seeking Christ's presence directly—not content with second-hand religion but pursuing personal communion.

Historical Context

Shepherds in ancient Palestine moved flocks to different pastures—morning, midday, evening. The noonday rest was crucial in hot climate. The bride's question reflects courtship customs: seeking the beloved's location for legitimate encounter. The phrase 'as one that turneth aside' might reference veiled women or wandering outsiders—the bride desires open, direct access, not furtive searching. Early church fathers saw this as the soul seeking Christ the Good Shepherd (John 10:11), asking, 'Where do you feed your flock?'—answered through Word, sacrament, and fellowship. Bernard of Clairvaux's sermons emphasized that the soul must seek Christ Himself, not merely doctrinal knowledge about Him. The Puritans distinguished between head knowledge and heart knowledge—theological information versus experiential communion with God. Modern readers recognize the difference between religious activity and personal relationship with Christ.

Questions for Reflection